Shingle and method of forming the same



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Patented Nov. 3, i936 SmGLE AND WTED 0F FRNMG THE SAP/m Application April 27, 1929, Serial No. 358,5@6l Renewed April 25, 1933 25 laims.

This invention relates to improvements in shingles and method of forming the same.

It is one of the objects oi this invention to provide an improved shingle in which a novel and efiicient form of interlocking means is employed which permits the maximum amount oi exposure of each unit, thereby making it possible to eectively cover a roof with the minimum 'number of shingles.

'A further object oi this invention is to provide an improved shingle having a portion folded back upon itself to form a tongue for interlocking engagement with a complementary locking vportion in an adjacent unit.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a shingle provided with a novel form of locking means which will facilitate and expedite the laying of the shingles.

A further object of this invention is to provide a method of forming shingles in which the portions to be cut out and folded back are reinforced in a novel manner on the line oi fold.

llt is a further object of this invention to provide amethod of forming shingles in which portions of the wrong side oi the shingles are coated and treated the same as the right side so that when the tongues are cut out and folded back they will present the same appearance as the right side of the shingles.

A further object oi`this invention is to provide a shingle which is simple in construction, inexpensiveto manufacture, and well adapted for the purpose described.

It is a further object oi this invention to provide shingle elements having thickened central portions, that may be laid in spaced relationship in assembly, and in which the thickened portions serve to support the mldsections of the elements to prevent their sagging and the resultant lifting o f their side edges.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists of the improved shingle and method of forming the same, and all its parts and combinations as set forth in the claims and all equivalents thereof.

in the accompanying drawing, in which the same reference characters designate the same parts in all of the views:

Fig. l is a plan view of the blank showing one method of forming the shingles;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a blank showing another method oi forming the shingles;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a group of shingles showing how they are laid in interlocking rela- (Cll. 10d-7) tion to one another when used to cover a roei;

Fig. 4 is a plan View of one shingle;

Fig. 5 is a plan view oi the wrong side ci a portion of the blank shown in Fig. l; and

Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line G-t of Fig. 4.

Referring more particularly to Fig. l of the drawing, the numeral 5 designates a sheet ci composition or other material such as is commonly employed in covering roofs, the said sheet having a right side coated with asphalt and granulated slate or similar materials as indicated by the numeral d'. To the lower side of the blank, strips of adhesive tape 6 are applied, the said strips being positioned below the portions which are to be cut out to form the interlocking means. Next, a portion of the lower side of the sheet is coated over the tape with the same materials which are used to nish the right side of the sheet as at 6'. The sheet is then run through a machine and cut on the lines 'i to form a plurality of units of the desired size and shape. As shown in the drawing, the preferred form is rectangular, but it is not desired to be limited to this particular shape. At the same time that the separate units are being severed from the blank, the recesses t are cut out from one edge of each unit,and the tongues d, which are preferably T-shaped are cut from the opposite edge and are folded back as shown. The adhesive tape positioned below, is cnt through with the tongue and the portion adhering to said tongue is folded back therewith to emciently reinforce the latter along the line ci fold. As the portions of the shingles which have been cut out to form the tongue have been coated on the lower side with the finishing material t the tongues, when folded back, will present the same appearance as the right side oi the shingles which is coated with similar material t'. Also, in addition to providing a reinforcing and surfacing for the tongues it will be noted by referring to Figs. i and 5, that the tape with its coating oi asphalt and mineral particles extends along the midsection of each element preierably the full length thereof, adding considerably to the thickness of the shingle midsection and creating a central layer whose width is a substantial portion o'i the whole width oi the element. These additions therefore serve to thicken, rigidity and reinforce the shingle midsection, thereby providing resistance to sagging when laid Wide spaced, as well as a means of support for said areas, not possible in composition ,shnges heretofore used in such assemblies.

In the modified method of forming the shingles, shown in Fig. 2, the units are arranged in pairs extending transversely of the blank, and the adhesive tape and finishing material 6 is applied adjacent the opposite sides. The recesses 8 are then cut out along a central line, one knife member forming the recess in two shingles. The tongues 9 are cut near the side edges of the blank as shown, and a portion of the adhesive tape is folded back with each tongue to reinforce the latter in a manner similar to that shown in Fig. 1, except that the adhesive tape does not cover the entire tongue.

In certain instances, when it is desired to have the shingles perfectly flat for shipment, the tongues 9 are not folded back at the'time of manufacture but are merely cut along the proper lines. When such is the case, the tongues may be readily bent back by the workmen at the time of installation.

The shingles are laid in parallel rows as shown in Fig. 3, the shingles in each row being staggered with relation to the shingles in the adjacent row. The shingles in each row are interlocked with one another by causing the recess 8 of one unit to engage the tongue 9 of the unit below, the interlocking taking place from above, so that the shingles will hold themselves in position prior to being nailed down.

Before the tongue of one shingle is engaged, it will extend outwardly at an angle due to the natural tendency of the material to resist complete folding back. When in this position, the engagement with the. recess of the adjacent shingle is very easily accomplished. After the engagement has taken place, the tongue is yieldingly forced completely back thereby cushioning the shingle above. The shingles are then completely secured to the roof by nailing at suitable points.

Only the preferred forms of the shingle have been shown and described, but it is obvious that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and it is to be understood that all such modifications are contemplated as may fairly come within the scope of the claims.

It is further to be understood that the terms recess and U-shaped recess as used in the claimsincludes either a recess of substantially the type shown, or a recess formed by two spaced apart slits or slots where the material between the slits is not removed, as well as other equivalent constructions.

What I claim is:

I 1. A shingle comprising a section oi'v material having an edge portion formed with a recess and having an opposite edge portion formed with a tongue, said tongue being folded back on said section .of material and having a portion of greater width than a portion of said recess, and said tongue beingengageable with the recess of another like shinge, the wide portion of said tongue' overlapping the sides of the recess.

2. A shingle comprising a section of material having an edge portion formed with a U-shaped recess and having an opposite edge portion formed with a T-shaped tongue, said tongue being folded back on said section of material and having a portion of greater Width than a portion of said recess, and said tongue being engageable with the recess of another like shingle, the wide portion of said tongue overlapping the sides of the recess.

3. A shingle comprising a section of material having an edge portion formed with a U-shaped recess and having an opposite edge portion formed with a T-shaped tongue, said tongue being folded back on said section of material and having a portion of greater width than a portion of said recess and said tongue being engageable in the direction of fold by the recess of another like shingle, the wide portion of said tongue overlapping the sides of the recess.

4. A shingle comprising a section of material having an edge cut out to form a recess and having an opposite edge provided with a pair of cuts extending inwardly and then toward each other to form a tongue with side flaps, said tongue being folded back on said section of material and being engageable with the recess of another like shingle, the side flaps of the tongue overlapping the recess.

5. A shingle comprising a section of material having an edge cut 'Jut to form a recess and having an opposite edge provided with a pair of cuts extending inwardly and then toward each other and then inwardly again to form a tongue with side flaps, said tongue being folded back on said section of material and being engageable with the recess of another like shingle, the side flaps of the tongue overlapping the recess.

6. The method of forming a shingle having a folded over tongue consisting of applying a strip of tape to one side of a blank of material, cutting out a shingle and a tongue in said shingle, said tongue being cut out from the portion of the material to which the tape has been applied and folding back said tongue with the portion of the tape which has been cut therewith, said tape reinforcing the tongue on the line of fold.

'7. 'I'he method of forming shingles having folded over tongues, consisting of applying a strip of tape to one side of a blank of material, cutting out a plurality of shingles and a tongue in each shingle, said shingles being cut in a rowv from said blank and said tongues being cut in a row from the portion of the material to which the tape has been applied, and folding back each of said tongues with the portion of the tape which has been cut therewith, said tape reinforcing the tongues on the line of fold.

8. As an article of manufacture, a roofing element comprising a body portion having a freely operable folded tongue, and reinforcing fabric tape carried by said tongue along the outside line of fold and by the body adjacent the tongue to strengthen the material.

9. A shingle comprising a section of material having a portion formed with a recess and having an opposite portion formed with a tongue, said tongue being folded back on said section of material and having a portion of greater width than a portion of said recess, and said tongue being engageable with the recess of another like shingle, the side portion of said tongue overlapping the sides of the recess.

10. A substantially flat flexible fibrous shingle having portions thereon formed with a recess and with a tongue to be folded in assembly. said tongue when folded for use being unsecured to the face of the shingle and having a. portion of greater width than a portion of said recess and said tongue being engageable with the recess of another similar shingle with the wide portion of said tongue overlapping the side of the recess to interlock the shingles.

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aotaoso t 11. A shingle comprising a section of flexible composition material having a portion formedl with a recess and having another portion formed with a tongue, said tongue being folded back on said section of material but unsecured thereto and having a portion substantially equal in width to the recess and a portion of greater width than the. recess, said tongue being engageable with the recess of another similar shingle, with the wide portion of said tongue overlapping the sides of the recess.

12. A shingle comprising a section of material having a portion formed with a recess and having an opposite portion formed with a tongue, said tongue having a portion of greater width than a portion of said recess, said tongue being foldable back against said section of material in assembly and engageable with the recess of another like shingle with the said portion of said tongue overlapping the sides ofthe recess.

13. A plurality of flexible shingles assembled on a roof in overlapping courses, each `shingle having a portion formed with a recess and having a member of similar flexible shingle material having a portion of greater width than a portion of said recess, overlying and connected to its body portion and positioned opposite said recess, said member being engageable with a recess of another shingle in a course above, the wide portion of said member overlapping the sides of the recess.

14. An assembly of flexible composition shingles having members of similar flexible shingle material overlying and connected to their body portions and engageable with recesses of overlying shingles, said members having a portion of greater width than said recesses, and said portion of greater. width overlapping the sides of said recesses when said shingles are in engagement.

l5.' An assembly of flexible composition shingles having tongue members folded, overlying and connected to their body portions and engageable with recesses of overlying shingles, said fof'material, cutting out a shingle and a tongue in vsaid shingle, ls'aid tongue being cut out from the portion of the material to which thev tape has been applied, said tape serving to reinforce the tongue along its line oi fold.

1'1. In a method of foiming shingle 4elements having reinforced locking tonguefrnembers, the steps comprising adhesively applying a strip of flexible reinforcing material toy one side of a web and cutting therefrom a plurality of shingle elements and tongues in said elements, said shingle elements and said tongues being cut in rows andfsaid tongues being cut from the portion of .said web to which the reinforcing material has-been applied, said tongues being adapted to be folded back with a portion of said reinforcing material which has been cut therewith, said reinforcing material serving to reinforce said tongues on their line of fold. v

18. A composition shingle element comprising a flexible layer of fibrous material, a layerof thickening material' on the back thereof, said thickening layer creatingxa thickened portion extendingsubstantially the,.full length of said fibrous layer between two opposite edges of the element and being spaced from two other opposite edges thereof leaving laterally extending portions of the element outwardly of the .thickened portion of a thickness and width respectively less than its thickened portion, said element being adapted to be laid in courses with spaces between elements in the same plane and with elements in each succeeding course having their thickened portion positioned in the spaces of the previous course.

19. A shingle roof comprising an assembly of similar shingle elements, each shingle having a thickened portion positioned on the under side inwardly from two edges thereof leaving laterally extending flange portions of the element of less width than the thickened portion and said thickened portion extending substantially the fulllength of the element between two other edges,

said elements being laid in courses and rows with the corresponding face of adjacent shingles exposed to the weather and with the said thickened portion of a shingle in one course, lying within a space left between adjacent shingles in a subjacent course and with the ange portions thereof resting up on said adjacent shingles, and the said thickened portions of 'shingles in the same row similarly positioned and extending through the row.

20. In a method of making similar shingle elements having a thickened central portion the steps comprising providing a exible fibrous web, applying material inthe form of a band longitudinally on said web to form a thickening layer thereon and cutting said web into shingle sizes each having one of said thickening portions located substantially centrally of its longitudinal edges.

21. A composite shingle for wide spaced assembly comprising a pliable body of composition roofing material having the top side coated with bitumen and wear resisting mineral material, said body having the general shape of aparallelogram and having an integral longitudinal central reinforcing and thickening layer on. the

under side extending substantially the full length of the body andspaced from opposite sides thereof leaving laterally extending portions of the body outwardly of the edges of the central layer for engaging with the top surface of shingles under them when laid, said central layer comprising bitumen and wear resisting mineral material ,of the same character as that upon the top side.

22. A composite shingle for wide spaced assembly comprising a body of composition roofing including upon its side to be exposed to the weather a surface layer of wear resisting mineral niaterial covering a layer of bitumen, said body having the general shape of a parallelograrn and having an integral longitudinal central layer on the under side of the body spaced from the opposite sides thereof leaving laterally extending portions of the vbody outwardly of the edges of the central layer for engaging with the top surface of shingles under them when laid, said central layer having a thickness less than the body but greater than the sum of the bitumen and mineral' surfacing layer on the exposed side of the shingle and comprising materials of similar character to that upon the exposed side of the shingle.

23. A composite shingle for wide spaced assembly comprising a body of compositionv roofing material including an adhesive coating layer and a surface layer of wear resisting mineral material,

said body having the general shape of a parallelogram, and having an integral longitudinal centra] layer on the under side of the body spaced from the opposite sides thereof leaving laterally extending portions of the body outwardly of the edges of the central layer for engaging with the top surface of shingles under them when laid, said central layer having a thickness less than the body but greater than the sum of the adhesive coatingl and mineral surfacing layers.

24. A composite shingle for wide spaced assembly comprising a body of composition roofing ma.- terial including a surfacing of bitumen and gran,- ular mineral, said body having the general shape of a parallelogram and having an integral longitudinal central layer on the under side of the body spaced from the opposite sides thereof leaving laterallyextending portions of the body outwardly of the edges of the central layer for engaging with the top surface of shingles under them when laid, said central layer having a thickness less than the body but greater than the bitumen and granular surfacing, and comprising a layer of adhesive tape and a surfacing of bitumen and granular mineral over the tape.

25. A composite shingle for wide spaced assembly comprising a pliable body of composition roofing material including an adhesive coating layer and a .surface layer of Wear resisting mineral material, said body having the general shape of a parallelogram and having an integral longitudinal central layer on the under side extending substantially the full length of the body and spaced from opposite sides thereof leaving laterally extending portions of the body outwardly of the edges of the central layer for engaging with the top surface of shingles u nder them when laid, said central layer having a thickness less than the body but greater than the sum of the adhesive coating and mineral surfacing layer.

NORMAN P. HARSHBERGER. 

